RoBET WhitePaper² V2.01 (BETA) 2 Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change or update without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by BetSquare. This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without the BetSquare’s written permission, and contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party nor be used for any unauthorized purpose. This document details a revolutionary technology for a truly decentralized sportsbook platform regulated by smart contracts. The infrastructure for the RoBET sports betting ecosystem, on all its products and services, is powered by ROBET - a proprietary ERC20 token created and maintained by BetSquare. 3 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Core Capabilities No House Virtually Zero Margins Tamper Proof & Trustless Information Symmetry Anonymous Betting No Winning or Withdrawing Limits Open to All Unlimited Betting Opportunities 3. Market The Sports Betting Industry Market Conditions Industry Trends Barriers of Entry Competition Opportunity 4. Technology Key Concerns Robustness VS Latency & Computational Costs Transparency VS Security Immutability VS Upgradability Network Neutrality VS Centralization Exposure to Risk VS No Margins & Players Freedom User Experience VS Industry Standards Technical Architecture Overview RoBET GUI Made By Players Fully Customizable Advanced Statistics Live Broadcasts The Sportsbook² Protocol Smart Contract Based 4 Upgradable Smart Contracts Bet Management Bet Settlement Margin Minimization Engine Floating Margin Protocol Risk Management - EV maximization Dispute Handling Betting wizard Data Feed Reputability Off-Chain Computational Oracle Off Chain Computing Zero Knowledge Proof Verifiable Computation Ethereum Blockchain Ledgering Event Transmission 5. The ROBET Token Token Economy Technical Specifications Token Distribution Token Uses Exchanges Listing and Token Adaptation Public Faucet Smart Contract 6. Bet² Mainnet Advantages Technical Specifications ROBET to BET² Swap Transaction Volume Based Price Stability 7. Games and Products Tru² - Live and Pregame Betting BetDEX² - Live Bet Decentralized Exchange VBet² - Virtual Sports Betting GameCast² - Live Sportcasts Tipster² - Knowledge Sharing Economy Stats² - Advanced Statistics AI² - Artificial Intelligence Powered Betting 5 8. Regulation and Compliance Sports Betting Licenses in Multiple Jurisdictions KYC-AML Contingency Reserve Fund 9. Team HR Philosophy Team Advisors Partners 10.Roadmap 6 1.0 Executive Summary Our mission is to develop a virtually zero margin sports betting experience on a truly decentralized platform based on blockchain technologies. RoBET is designed from a player’s perspective offering immediate payouts, no house, and anonymous betting. In 2015, a team of experts reimagined a new way for players to bet on sports. Blockchain engineers, sports betting enthusiasts, mathematicians, and game theory researchers joined to design RoBET—a platform allowing sports bettors to compete directly against each other. We have since developed a fully operational demo, a proprietary ERC-20 token, and a risk minimization engine based on mathematical algorithms and game theory. RoBET is an Ethereum-based sportsbook platform regulated by smart contracts. Employing state-of-the-art blockchain technologies, our protocol eliminates information asymmetries and intermediaries. As a result, all-powerful entities and everyday players are on an even playing field and there are virtually zero margins. This creates a tamper proof system where no one person or organization has outsized control over the whole, or access to an outsized amount of data. Our proprietary Risk Management Engine (RME) and Floating Margin Protocol (FMP) allow us to offer unbeatable low margins, ranging from 0.5% to 3%, superior to anything else in the market. They are grounded in game theory and deep learning concepts of human and market behavior; this provides players a free-betting zone, where they are able to place bets with a virtually zero margin as long as they are within the calculated acceptable risk assumed by the decentralized platform. 7 2.0 Core capabilities No House Using smart contracts, we are able to establish direct peer-to-peer betting. RoBET’s platform is the first to completely eliminate the house. On other sports betting platforms, information is centralized and the house has an unfair advantage with an agenda to maximize their profits by the players losing money. No house = more money, for everyone! Virtually Zero Margins RoBET’s proprietary RME and FMP allow for unbeatable margins of 0.3% - 3%. This is made possible because of our decentralized technologies—we have no overhead to pay and maintenance costs are minimal. As a result, we have the lowest margins in the market and players assume less risk. Tamper-proof & Trustless Through blockchain technologies and smart contracts, RoBET’s platform operates autonomously. The algorithms and protocols are public, so they are transparent for everyone. All activity is recorded on an immutable public ledger backed by Ethereum’s industry-grade cryptographic standards. RoBET provides a safe environment, where funds are secured at all times. Information Symmetry Publicly distributed ledgers document every activity on the platform, so all of the algorithms our RME and FMP use are accessible to the public, and unalterable by anyone. The public nature of these technologies allows us to share betting distributions and margins in real-time. Additionally, we eliminate the larger entities from having privileged information prior to others, so all players are on a level playing field. No house-based platform will offer these capabilities because they directly profit from information asymmetries. House-based platforms; thus, RoBET’s revolutionary platform is one-of-a-kind. 8 Anonymous Betting RoBET’s sports betting platform only requires identifying by an Ethereum public address. This creates global access as well as anonymity for the players. In certain jurisdictions, KYC-AML is required, but otherwise access is open to all players without identification. The rights for anonymity and privacy are paramount for our company. No Winning or Withdrawing Limits Our proprietary RME enables our platform to accommodate any bet; therefore, players are not subjected to either winning or withdrawing limits. The peer-to-peer nature of the system breaks the mutualism paradigm where if the player wins, the house loses. Additionally, our platform does not use predatory bonus-rollover tactics. As a result, players are not mandated to spend a certain amount of money before they can withdraw their earnings. Open to All The RoBET platform is available to everyone. Because of our unique RME, the fear of professionals draining the house is removed. Players do not have to worry about getting banned from our platform for smart betting. In the sports betting world controlled by houses, professionals may be restricted as to which platforms they can participate; RoBET is for all. Unlimited Betting Opportunities Our RME enables us to incorporate direct peer-to-peer betting and infinite types of bets while assuming minimal risks. You are not restricted to betting on the over-under or spreads for specific games. Want to bet on Ronaldo getting a red card by the 24’ minute? No problem. RoBET allows you to bet on anything and everything. 9 3.0 Market The Sports Betting Industry Sports betting is a form of entertainment, just like sports. It provides a competitive atmosphere for players around the world. Instead of just watching a game from the sidelines or on TV, players are able to actively participate and be a part of the game. With sports events, games, and new products in the market surging daily, the sports betting industry is flourishing. It has grown into a multi-trillion-dollar industry involving hundreds of millions of players. In the past two years, While the European market continue to dominate the sphere, the Asian Pacific and U.S. markets are on the brink of legalization which would cause a sudden market boom. Before, in order to place a bet, players would go to betting shops, place a pre-game bet on the predicted results of a specific game, and then wait anxiously for the game to end; live betting was not an option. With recent technological advancements, sports betting has become more engaging and exciting, and the dynamics of the market have dramatically changed. Now, close to 90% of bets are made as live bets. Players can bet on any game at any time. Every bet, however, has a price. Sportsbooks are cleverly designing their platforms to maximize their profits—your money. Historically, the betting industry has been considered controversial. Since companies possess an utter centralized control over their platforms, they are able to get away with offering players a level of service that is more beneficial to the company than the player. They offer house-favorable odds, run predatory platforms, complicate the withdrawal process, ban professional players, cap maximum bet amounts, set hard winning limits, and charge unreasonably high margins. Current Market Condition House-Favorable Odds & Predatory Platforms Sportsbook platforms lack transparency. In sports betting, odds constantly change both in pre-game and in-game betting, following a relevant news report, a play in the game, or market activity. In order to create a false trend, crafty sportsbooks 10 manipulate the odds to encourage players to bet a certain way. This moves the market in a targeted direction, ultimately causing players to lose money and the house to profit at their expense. Many sports bettors believe they are betting on fair odds. Imagine walking into a casino to bet on a game of roulette. Using simple math, you calculate the odds for the ball to land on an even number. Sports betting on these predatory platforms is similar to that, except you cannot see how many numbers are even or odd in order to calculate your probability of winning, while the house knows the distribution of even and odd numbers. Additionally, in many platforms companies use software to understand and analyze specific betting patterns. This information allows for companies to understand individual players’ personal betting styles and to present them with artificial odds tailored for them. As a result, they will be encouraged to bet in a dictated way and lose money. Rollover is another easy way for platforms to get their hands on players’ money. When advertising, sportsbooks aggressively attract players with seemingly generous bonuses on their initial deposits. However, by agreeing to the bonus terms, players commit to spend a certain amount of money before they have the ability to withdraw their earnings. This usually forces players to bet much more money than they desire, and, by the law of big numbers, causes them to eventually lose much more! Even when players do not accept the bonuses offered, rollover policies prevent them from withdrawing their money until they have bet their funds at least once; therefore, they have no control over their earnings until they have risked losing them. For example, if a player bets $50 on a game and makes $100, the $50 dollars earned can only be withdrawn once they have been placed in a bet at least once on the platform. Sports betting is hyper-regulated, and every jurisdiction has individualized rules. Multiple regulatory systems impede new companies from joining the market, and complying with all of them proves complicated and expensive. High licensing fees and compliance with an abundance of different jurisdictions is extremely challenging; thus, 11 new companies struggle to join the market, and well-established companies continue to overcharge ridiculously high margins. A scarce competitive landscape hurts all sports bettors’ pockets. Unreasonably High Fees Online platforms charge transaction fees—margins—for each bet placed. A low margin is considered to be 3-4% of the bet, while the standard falls in the range of 5-8%. At first sight, margins seem to be harmless, but in reality, they are everything but! Margins tilt the balance towards the house, giving it an almost unbeatable advantage over time and hundreds of billions of dollars in profits. On the one hand, overpricing and draconic requirements make it extremely hard to acquire licensing in major jurisdiction, thus diminishing the power of the buyers (players) against ever growing monopolies (predatory sportsbook). On the other hand, the lack of regulation and oversight of sportsbooks’ conduct and practices allow industry giants to manipulate and severely overcharge sports bettors. The problem is much graver in smaller sports betting jurisdictions than in bigger ones, such as England, Germany, Ireland, and France. Bigger sports betting jurisdictions have more competition between betting platforms, which results in betting margins falling within a fairer range. The contrary is true in smaller countries, where less competition results in much higher margins. In some countries with less competition or with a single state-regulated sportsbook, margins can be as high as 15-25%, which makes it impractical for players to win money in the long term. Due to the lack of regulated competition, which generates unreasonably—and unnecessarily— high margins, many sports bettors will go to a sportsbook not regulated by the government. These illegal sportsbooks are able to offer much lower margins since they do not pay taxes on their earnings, comply with regulations, nor pay employees. Betting on these platforms is generally more profitable for the short-term; however, due to their unregulated nature, these sportsbooks often turn out to be unreliable and scammy. 12 Deposit and Withdrawal Processes Online sports betting platforms simplify the deposit process and complicate the withdrawal process. Depositing money does not require any sort of identification; essentially, there are no depositing regulations. On the other hand, the withdrawal process proves difficult. For a player to withdraw money, the house must lose those funds. As a result, they have developed tactics to keep money in the house—the most common being rollover. In this method, earnings stay in the house and players risk losing their earnings back to the house. Once a player is eligible to withdraw one’s funds, the online platform will first initiate an identification process, an invasive procedure that includes providing passport numbers, bank accounts, and other personal information. If the platform approves the withdrawal, it will take anywhere from 48 hours to two weeks for the earnings to be deposited into the player’s bank account… if the player receives the money at all. Banned Professional Players Online platforms often ban professional sports bettors because of their success against the house. When professionals win, the house loses money. Because the platform is controlled by a centralized entity, whoever is in control can ban players for alleged cheating. Thus, sports bettors who are winning may be denied services offered by sports betting sites because they cost the house too much money. Often, once a player surpasses a certain winning percentage or attempts to withdraw money too quickly, the player will be banned from the sportsbook. The platform can ban the player’s IP, passport number, and even bank accounts. Capped Maximum Bet Amounts & Hard Winning Limits Most sports betting platforms cap the maximum betting amounts that players can place in order to reduce the house’s risk of losing money. It also restricts the amount players can win, creating hard winning limits. This is another way for the house to prevent players from making more money. The equation is simple. When players lose money, the house makes money, and when players make money, the house loses money. The house uses its power as a centralized entity to restrict how much players can win; however, they do not implement similar safeguards to restrict how much players can lose. 13 Industry trends Online, Live Betting, & Mobile The sports betting market is moving towards complete online presence. The excitement of live betting has created demand for constant, instantaneous betting platforms. Players moved from pre-game betting in brick-and-mortar locations to live betting on all electronic devices. In fact, live betting now makes up 90% of all bets! Smartphones, especially, have revolutionized the sports betting industry, prompting players to migrate from physical betting shops to online platforms. Mobile devices make it possible for players to have instantaneous access to the most recent shot or penalty from anywhere in the world. Players’ ability to place live bets, even while onthe-go, generates a new-found excitement in the industry. Margin Hunting With the variety of providers and easy access to sports betting platforms, players are able to create unlimited accounts on various different betting platforms. As a result, these players will look for the best margins across all sites. Trading Players can now trade bets, a game changer for sports betting. Previously, once a player placed a bet, their money was committed to it. With the movement to online sports betting, specifically low-latency live betting, players are now capable of trading their bets with real-time live odds determined by the forces of the market. This creates a new possibility for players to meet targeted percentage earnings, and then easily trade their bets and cash out. The ability to trade bets is truly revolutionary in the sports betting world; however, this service is not free. Online sports betting platforms charge a commission for each bet placed. When players trade bets, they must pay an additional commission fee. For example, let’s assume that an online platform charges 5% for each sports bet placed. A player who has reached his target net earnings for the day wants to ensure his profits and cash out. The online platform will then charge an additional 3% for trading bets that the player does not want to risk. In instances like this, the sports betting platform earns almost 8% from the cumulative bet and trade commissions. 14 The sports betting industry is booming; there are more ways to interact with sports betting by using online platforms and mobile devices; and more services are being offered for the players. This seems like a win for sports bettors everywhere!! But not exactly. Why are you being charged so much money for a simple transaction? Online platforms provide almost no transparency for their players, there are unreasonably high fees for placing bets, and the centralized platforms control all users’ funds. Barriers of entry Diving into the sports betting world as a new platform has proven to be extremely difficult. The financial investment alone restricts many companies from joining the competition. Supplying a functioning platform for users requires investing millions of dollars in two major verticals: creating a functioning platform and marketing. To create a platform, a company must develop (or buy) a sportsbook software, provide maintenance for its platform, and acquire the proper licensing to function legally. As licensing varies by jurisdiction, each license accounts for a major financial investment. The importance of marketing cannot be underestimated, as new companies attempt to draw players away from big-name, billion-dollar platforms. Aside from financial obstacles, regulations pose another major problem for new companies. Each jurisdiction has a complex set of regulations which can greatly vary; thus, when sportsbooks acquire a license to operate, it only provides legality for a single jurisdiction. To become a global organization, companies must obtain an individual license for each jurisdiction—a bureaucratic and a time-consuming process. Suppose a new company raises enough capital to develop a sportsbook that complies with regulations. In order to become sustainable, it then needs clients to use its platform. In order to be competitive in the sports betting market, companies must build a large volume of players to prove their reliability but gaining players’ trust as a new company is a hard task because of the bad reputation caused by hundreds of platforms ripping off their customers. For a new platform to attract enough players to generate reputability, new sportsbooks must offer lower margins until they are able to 15 establish themselves in the market; otherwise, the community will always consider it unreliable, and it will soon run out of funds to operate. Sports betting platforms operate on a simple equation, where margins are equal to the aggregate of risk and profit. Well-known, billion-dollar platforms have an abundance of cash in their reserves, so they can bankroll low enough margins to fend off competition, even at the cost of losing some money, while attracting more players. Basically: Established platforms have the financial means to assume more risk and offer lower margins as a marketing tactic; whereas a new sportsbook assuming the same risk could go bankrupt. Even when a new platform is able to raise the proper funds, attain the software for its platform, acquire sports betting licenses, and recruit a large enough volume of players, it still will be at a big disadvantage to existing well-established. As a new company, a sports betting platform will not have the same access to information and to deeplearning analysis power that other established companies have. Providing the most up-to-date margins and information is critical to a sportsbooks’ success, yet access to this information is complicated by the entities who may have paid to obtain certain information prior to other companies. The information asymmetry exposes new-found sportsbooks to increased risk of losing their funds to savvy players (sharps) and go out of business. 16 Competitive Landscape Company A: General Description: Well-established company that usually attracts the general public that place bets. They offer bets on most sports, leagues, offer many types of betting (spread, under / over, etc.), and offer live streaming options. Revenue: Billions of dollars per year Audience: General sports betting public, leisure players, amateur to average bettors, large masses Margins: Industry standard 4-8% Accessibility: World-wide, most of the major jurisdictions (UK/Germany/France/Spain) Marketing: Mass marketing targeting the average sports bettor. They attract users with live streaming, commentary, and match feed on most games in the world. Software: White labelling / proprietary Customer Support: Good customer support Exchange of Funds: Bank Transfers, Credit Cards, Cryptocurrency, PayPal… essentially any means Other Information: Reliable, large scale operation Company B: General Description: Specialty company that offers bets on specific, big games with very low margins compared to the general market. Revenue: Billions of dollars per year. Audience: Professional sports bettors that bet medium to large amounts of money (typically have a minimum bet). Margins: Low in the Industry, 1 - 4% Accessibility: Specific jurisdictions, mostly in the UK Marketing: Tailored to professional sports bettors Software: White labelling / proprietary Customer Support: Good customer support Exchange of Funds: Bank Transfers, Credit Cards, Cryptocurrency… essentially any means Other Information: Reliable 17 Company C: General Description: Large company with proprietary bet trading technology that gives them an edge over most of the market. Revenue: Billions of dollars per year. Audience: General sports betting public, leisure players, amateur - average bettors, large masses, stock and sports traders Margins: Industry standard 4-8% (on bet) and 2-5% (on trades) Accessibility: World-wide, most of the major jurisdictions Marketing: Mass marketing targeting the average sports bettor Software: Proprietary Customer Support: Good customer support Exchange of Funds: Bank Transfers, Credit Cards, Cryptocurrency… essentially any means Other Information: Reliable (probably most in market) Company D: General Description: Small/Medium sportsbook that offers a wide variety of games, bottom feeders Revenue: tens of millions of dollars per year. Audience: General sports betting public, leisure players, amateur to average bettors, and margin hunters Margins: Industry Average - Industry High, 5-10% Accessibility: Usually specific to one or a few jurisdictions Marketing: Not selective Software: White labeling Customer Support: Almost non-existent Exchange of Funds: Bank Transfers, Specific Credit Cards, Cryptocurrency… fewer payment options Other Information: Low Reliability Company E: General Description: Small to very small sportsbook that operates without licensing, usually operated by private owners; the only way to get involved with these companies is through the mediator or with a bookie 18 Revenue: millions to tens of millions of dollars per year. Audience: Sports betting ‘junkies’, above average spender on bets, individuals in countries where sports betting is illegal. Margins: Industry Low - Industry High, usually 3-5% up to 10% & offer bonuses Accessibility: Usually specific to one or a few jurisdictions Marketing: Word of mouth Software: White labeling Customer Support: Personal Exchange of Funds: Cash collected in person Other Information: Low Reliability Opportunity As an increasing number of countries are beginning to view sports betting as a form of entertainment rather than an unwanted criminal activity, legalization is on the verge of skyrocketing. Previously, sports betting licenses were relatively flexible, in the sense that if a company had a license from the United Kingdom, it could offer its services almost worldwide. Recently, governments realized the astronomical economic benefits of taxing this industry and began establishing individualized sports betting licenses, giving birth to an abundance of local platforms. The relatively cheap, available, computing power and the rise of blockchain technologies present an opportune moment to develop a worldwide decentralized platform. Following recent developments that answered many of their security and accessibility issues, blockchain technologies have gained the trust of the technical community and the general public, and the technology has now a robust enough foundation to be further built upon. With the accessibility of information online, players now have an exposure to live comparison of many different platforms and are educated enough to demand a better level of service. After 4 years of development of our proprietary technology based on advanced game theory and mathematical concepts, we are ready to provide a wholesome sports betting solution to players worldwide. 19 4.0 Technology Key Concerns While designing our system, we had a few key concerns. We aim to provide a viable solution to many issues in the industry. There are many advantages and disadvantages to most platforms because instead of building individualized platforms, most sportsbooks will buy white labeled products. Here, we examine the pros and cons of many different technical qualities required for a sports betting platform. Robustness vs Latency and Computational Costs Robustness We need a robust platform that has a strong enough foundation to prevent either external hacking by malicious players or internal manipulation by an unfair house. Blockchain databases are immutable and have been proven reliable against hacking and manipulation. One of the main concerns with blockchain technologies is the timing it takes for files to be stored on them. A bet placed at a millisecond could take 10-15 minutes to be recorded, at which time the action, odds, or margins may already be different. -VSLatency & Computational Costs We need a platform capable of reacting in milliseconds at a low cost in order to provide an abundance of functionalities for a live sportsbook. Writing to blockchain databases is usually costly and way too slow for the needs of a live sportsbook. Transparency vs Security Transparency We need a platform enabling customers to monitor the system’s activity in a publicly transparent manner, so that they have access to a log of all betting activity—bets, live margins, distribution of money amongst pots, etc. Everyone utilizing these platforms should be able to verify the functionality and correctness of the systems; thus, impeding the possibility of internal manipulation. Blockchains are essentially databases that provide safe, public records which are read-accessible for many. 20 -VSSecurity We need a platform that is secure and prioritizes customers’ privacy. Exposing all actions and code to the public presents a potential security risk of individual’s data, opening the system for external hacking. Blockchains have the capacity to be designed as write-accessible for only a trusted few. Upgradeability vs Immutability Upgradeability We want a system that is upgradeable, so that it will always be up-to-date and where every part of it can be corrected. The downside of upgradeability is that users may not like or agree to the new terms. -VSImmutability We need a platform consistent for our customers, so that ground rules established are explicit. Smart contracts’ flexibility is restricted because usually once a smart contract is written a certain way, it cannot be changed. This provides all involved with a transparent understanding of their consensus. Decentralization & Network Neutrality vs Centralization Decentralization & Network Neutrality We need a platform which provides all players, big or small, with equal access to all services. In most decentralized platforms, power is evenly distributed between all the participants, a trait that makes the platform fairer and prevents the presence of omnipotent entities and single points of failure. By strictly adhering to predetermined, public, smart contracts and allowing all participants to monitor and verify all actions made on the platform, we either prevent any malicious activity or expose it almost immediately. -VSCentralization We need a platform that can move forward as technologies, policies, and economies advance. Centralized entities are much easier to operate because decisions are made by one powerful entity, or a trusted few. As a result, they are typically only concerned 21 with the profitability of the founders and investors who often charge exaggerated commissions, manipulate funds, and have no oversight. Exposure to Risk vs No Margins & Players Freedom Exposure to Risk We need a platform that allows players to bet without limits or oversight. To accommodate this proposition, the system exposes itself to great risk and manipulation. Since Margin = Risk + Profit, lowering both the margin and the profit to zero, leaves the platform in a negative sum equation where the platform would eventually lose all of its money. -VSNo Margins & Players Freedom We need a platform that provides users with the lowest margins mathematically possible. Creating a decentralized platform, with no agenda of maximizing profitability, eliminates the need to use common risk minimization techniques, such as capped winning and betting limits. Generally, the house would use these tactics to maximize its own profit while reducing its risk. User Experience vs Industry Standards User Experience We need a platform that provides a holistic sports betting experience for the players. We want to incorporate the most up-to-date statistics, live broadcasts and streams of games, a multitude of betting types available to play, and a consistent experience where the platform does not change from country to country. -VSIndustry Standards We need a platform that complies with industry standards, while also providing a unique experience for sports bettors. White labeling is a cheap and easy solution that has prevailed in the sports betting industry for many years. While a convenient option for companies to purchase complete sports betting systems with ready-made, banal, graphic interfaces, these platforms deliver a monotonous, mediocre, experience. 22 Technical Architecture Considering all of the key concerns aforementioned, we have designed a four layered system: RoBET Graphical User Interface (GUI) We understand that sports betting is a form of entertainment, and thus, we have designed a gorgeous user experience—a one-stop-shop for sports betting. We want to provide our users with the best sports betting experience in the market, one that is easy to operate, provides live data feeds, and live broadcasts. Ordinarily, new sportsbooks buy the software from a third party in order to get into the market, but we are designing our own platform so that users can enjoy a revolutionary type of sports betting where players can place bets in a highly intuitive fashion. To provide this experience we have developed a platform that is made by players for players, is fully customizable, provides the most advanced statistics, and streams live broadcasts. Made by Players for Players RoBET was designed by a group of sports betting enthusiasts that understand the players’ state of mind from first-hand experience. Employing our expertise, we focus the platform’s functionalities on players’ priorities. As a result, our system is the most user-friendly platform in the market. 23 Fully Customizable While we design our platform to provide the ultimate sports betting experience, we understand that some users will have individualized preferences. To accommodate these inclinations, our platform will be fully customizable! Whether you prefer having your statistics on the left and live stream on the right or vice versa, you can personalize your profile to your taste. Advanced Statistics In addition to offering an aesthetically pleasing and patronizable platform, in order to complete the sports betting experience, we provide the most advanced statistics in the market. Through the use of reliable data sources, our users are able to make more informed decisions and place smarter bets. As a result, players’ profitability increases considerably. Live Broadcasts Sports betting provides an interactive way to participate in matches but in many cases, finding sports broadcasts is painstakingly difficult and usually very expensive. Therefore, we provide live broadcasts of almost any game imaginable at a fraction of the cost! Want to watch your hometown team in the third division? With our platform, you can. Sportsbook² Protocol We counteract the typical sportsbooks, which operate on high margins for site maintenance and profit, by basing our Sportsbook² Protocol on smart contracts. Our protocol is comprised of a network of smart contracts that handle all interactions within the system. Written in Solidity, this cumulative peer-to-peer protocol handles all bets, creating a uniform requirement for all players who wish to interact with the platform. This ensures fairness, security, inclusion, and equity. Smart Contract Based Basing our platform on blockchain technologies ensures the integrity of the system for all sides involved. All bets are managed by a layer of smart contracts that operates by specific, public standards. Bets may not be placed if they do not comply with the 24 smart contract; thus, terms are predetermined and transparent. The technology provides a variety of groundbreaking features such as immediate transfer of funds, network neutrality, and complete transparency. Upgradable Smart Contracts We will use two main solutions for solving upgradability: a multi-segmented smart contract system or using an upgradable protocol. Multi Segmented Smart Contracts In this methodology every upgradable smart contract will by built out of a first smart contract with elementary functionality containing the data, a second smart contract containing the fundamental logic, and a third constantly upgrading contract containing the general functionality. Upgradable Smart Contract Protocols Another solution is offered by a new proposed Ethereum standard, ERC1538, and other equivalent protocols that propose a double linked list of smart contracts that point to the next and previous iterations of the smart contract. Bet Management Every competition on the RoBET platform follows the Real Time Relative Odds (RTRO) model to emulate market forces. Every bet is encapsulated in a Smart Contract (SC) containing the player (sender), timestamp, contest id, expected result, and betting amount. The betting amount goes to a specific pot (1, x, 2, ..., n) and affects the real time odds to ensure fair odds that accurately reflect the true market sentiment towards the competition. The following formula portrays the calculation: real_time_odd = (selected_pot/total_bets)*(1-live_margin) 25 Bet Settlement When an event concludes, funds are automatically transferred into the winning wallet based on the live margin at the time of the bet placement. The following formula portrays the calculation: winnings = (bet_amount/winning_pool)*total_bet - winning pool*(1 - locked_live_margin) 26 Example of a Contest SC Here is an example of a simple Contest smart contract using the RTRO system: Risk Minimization Engine (RME) Our research in advanced mathematics and game-theory have led us to develop our proprietary Risk Minimization Engine which allows players to bet in an essentially free betting zone. As long as players do not expose the platform to an excessive risk by betting over the predetermined sum that the house is willing to risk, they will be able to enjoy margins starting at unprecedented lows of 0.5%. In the event players want to place high risk bets, the players will assume the risk through proportionally increased margins. The RME is built from a few moving parts: Floating Margin Protocol (FMP) A majority of sportsbooks conceals crucial information from their customers to intentionally create an information asymmetry. The less information to which customers are privy, the more profit their sportsbooks will be able to earn; thus, being transparent is financially detrimental to the houses’ earnings. One of the principal ways in which the sportsbooks earn capital is through their margins, which dramatically vary depending on the popularity of the contest and the competition from other sportsbooks in each specific market. Occasionally, sportsbooks will adjust their margins to "juice the lines", meaning they manipulate the margins to deceive customers. As a result, more amateur sports bettors will place bets on a losing team because of the manipulated margins, allowing the house to profit off of their susceptibility. 27 Margins are generally calculated as follows: Margin = Risk + Profit. If platforms lower both the margin and the profit to zero, the platform would be left with a negative sum equation; therefore, they would eventually lose all of their funds to sustain themselves. Our proprietary Floating Margin Protocol (FMP) is a novel concept where instead of having fixed margins, the margins are fluid and determined by the amount of risk the platform undertakes in that instant. When the platform’s risk is minimal, it will charge the lowest margin possible, 0.5%; whereas, when their exposure to risk is becoming increasingly higher, the margins are adjusted to compensate for the negative Expected Value (EV). The FMP creates a paradigm rooted in game theory, under the assumptions that players will always try to get the best deal available and that players will try to bet against the high margin pot(s). As a result, as the players bet against the high margins, the pots become balanced again. • Players would always try to get the best deal available 402,570ROBET 1.99 Football FC 28 • Thus, they would try to bet against the high margin • Pots are balanced again (we can describe this process as a cycle Expected Value Maximization (EVM) Another tool our platform uses to minimize its exposure to risk is an Expected Value Maximization, where the system lowers its risk during a live contest. For every paradigm shift of the live margin, the system will automatically set aside a calculated amount to mitigate risk in real time. Dispute Handling In order to avoid the majority of data skewness, the Contest SC will release funds to winning wallets in a few minutes delay. This will allow the system enough time to verify the data from multiple sources. In some rare cases, results may change after the contest has ended. The system will automatically overturn the result, and by withdrawing the funds from faulty winning wallets, they can compensate the actual winning wallets. In the event that funds were already transferred, the platform will use its emergency contingency fund to compensate the winning wallets. For other situations, such as obvious manipulation, the platform may automatically “push” and cancel the bet. During these circumstances, funds will automatically be returned to senders. Pots are even Players place “unbiased” bets Pots difference exceeds the predetermined amount Players place bets biased towards the lower pot (since margins there are still virtually 29 Betting Wizard The platform’s low exposure to risk allows us to offer bets on almost every aspect of a sporting event without risking the platform’s viability. Our Betting Wizard provides our customers with an intuitive tool allowing players to generate new competitions that would not be normally found on a sportsbook. As long as there is enough interest from other players, any competition can be created. Data Feed Reputability Engine (DFRE) In order to avoid data feed manipulation, the platform makes use of our Data Feed Reputability Engine (DFRE) — a statistically-based machine learning algorithm. The engine chooses a data feed randomly to supply the result of a specific contest. Afterwards, the engine verifies the provided information and compares it with other comparable data feeds to create a historical accuracy database. Whenever a data feed dips below a specific accuracy threshold, it will be subjected to further review. Depending on the findings from the review, the system may blacklist the data feed. 30 Off-Chain Computational Oracle (OCCO) In order to provide low margins and low latency, we have developed a black-box computational solution that receives input from the Sportsbook² Protocol, computes it, and sends the output to be written on top of the Ethereum blockchain. Computation directly on top of the Ethereum blockchain is expensive and slow; therefore, any platform using these technologies would have large expenses to maintain itself, and thus would compensate by charging high margins. In addition, the relatively slow block time of 10-13 seconds and recurrent network congestions make it impossible to transmit a steady real-time flow of public data. In order to address these complications, we perform our calculations on an off-chain data structure, and in doing so, we save drastically in transaction costs and are able to process more data in a short period of time. Essentially, we are able to keep maintenance costs low, while also providing instantaneous live sports betting experience. Zero Knowledge Proof Verifiable Computations (ZKPVC) In order to maintain the integrity and the security of our computational process we have chosen to implement a Zero Knowledge Proof Verifiable computational engine where the public is allowed to query the validity of a transaction without actually exposing the algorithm and the steps that the OCCO took in in the process. This novel approach provides an unprecedented transparency, from a sportsbook point of view, while maintaining a high level of security and tamper proofing. Ethereum Blockchain After the computation phase is complete and verified on the Off-Chain Computational Oracle, the last step is to publish the output on as events on a public ledger to provide an immutable, public proof/record of the transaction. Event Transmission In general, there are two main types of events: 31 ● Bet - sender, timestamp, contest, betting amount, expected result, locked live margin ● Result - contest, result, winning wallets In order to shield the identities of the players, the public data is encrypted and only available to decrypt by the specific Ethereum wallet owner. 32 5.0 The ROBET Token Token Economy: The infrastructure for the RoBET sports betting ecosystem, on all its products and services, is powered by ROBET - a proprietary ERC-20 token. Integrating a proprietary token instead of more common digital assets, we facilitate the transfer of funds on our platform. It is a uniform way to maintain the transaction of value within our ecosystem. As a result, customers can use our services securely and confidently. As a deflationary asset, the ROBET token is directly influenced by the volume of transactions as a supply and demand function - the higher the volume of transactions, the higher the demand and ultimately the value for those in possession. Technical Specifications: Protocol: ERC-20 (Ethereum) Hash: KECCAK-256 Total supply: 102,102,102 Token symbol: ROBET Contract ID: 0x2344871f523cbb28a4f60045531184cf1f03ad24 Token Disbursement: Pre-sale: 5,105,105 (5%) Public sale: 46,966,967 (46%) Team: 12,252,252 (12%) Operating costs: 37,777,778 (37%) Token Uses: ● To place bets on the RoBET platform ● To watch live broadcasts of sports competitions ● To participate in the RoBET Knowledge Sharing Economy both as a tipster and as a consumer ● To purchase additional services throughout the RoBET platform 33 Exchange Listings and Token Adaptation: ROBET is currently listed on: In the future, we will list ROBET on 2-3 major exchanges. Public Faucet Smart Contract: In order to provide our customers a direct, seamless avenue to exchange between FIAT and ROBET, we will provide a public faucet over the counter (OTC) service. Players who do not wish to interact with digital assets and exchanges will be able to buy and sell ROBET tokens directly from a smart contract for a minimal operating fee. The platform will offer liquidity for the smart contract operation. 34 6.0 Bet² Mainnet Advantages Moving to our proprietary blockchain promises uninterrupted, reliable services. While the Ethereum network is robust, it is subjected to external forces that are out of the platform’s control; thus, an internal network will provide more security to both the platform and its users. The Ethereum blockchain is subjectively fast, writing blocks every 10-13 seconds on average; however, it is not fast enough to satisfy RoBET’s low-latency requirements to potentially write millions of events per second. The Bet² mainnet will write blocks at a rate of 0.3 - 1.0 second per block. Additionally, operating on the Ethereum blockchain is expensive. With our proprietary blockchain and privately-owned miners, interacting with the blockchain will be significantly cheaper. One of our major concerns is preventing 51% attacks from malicious miners. The volume of transactions is limited and not computationally expensive; thus, there is no need for external, well-resourced miners to help maintain the blockchain. Since the data on the Bet² blockchain is and always will be public, any change in the integrity of the blockchain will be immediately detected by the community. As a result, there will be no risk to the customers from centralization of power. Technical Specifications Hash: BLAKE2 Total supply: 102,102,102,102 Coin name: Bet² Coin symbol: BET2 Block time: 0.3-1.0 seconds Block reward: None ROBET to BET² Swap Following the creation of the Bet² contract and the release of the Wallet², we will offer customers the options to either send their ROBET tokens to a smart contract or 35 perform an Atomic Swap replacing their ROBET tokens to BET2 coins. These options will be offered for a specified time period and will be announced to the ROBET community. The contract and ROBET tokens in exchanges will be swapped automatically. Transaction Volume Based Price Stability We believe that the value of any product is derived from its supply and demand— namely from its volume. This is especially true for deflationary (or finite-supply) commodities. Most surveyed players do not want to bet on both the contest result and the future price of the coin; thus, we decided to employ a semi-stable approach for the BET2 coins. The coin’s official value will be calculated once every set, predetermined time period, based primarily on the volume of transactions as well as other factors. The official price will be used for the buy and sale rates of the Public Faucet smart contract. Prices at exchanges will be controlled by the free market to ensure the fairness of pricing. 36 7.0 Games and Products The ROBET platform is designed to be a one-stop-shop of all thing sports betting. As such, we provide a variety of games and solutions for our customers. Tru² - Live and Pregame Betting Tru² is a low-latency sports betting platform that offers the lowest margins in the market starting as low as 0.5%. The odds truly reflect market forces with no information asymmetry! As such, players are exposed to real-time, live margins that are generated by the FMP, and can thus make more educated decisions. Additionally, this service allows for players to bet on almost anything, as long as someone places an opposing bet. BetDEX² - Decentralized Live Bet Exchange BetDEX² is RoBET’s low latency sports betting exchange. It enables players to trade their bets live with low commissions starting at 0.5%. This platform provides players with an opportunity to buy and sell ongoing bets. VBet² - Virtual Sports Betting VBet² provides players with the ability to place bets on their favorite teams, even when there are no live games available. The platform uses regularly audited Pseudo Randomized Number Generators (PRNG) to ensure the fairness and the true randomization of the contests. GameCast² - Live Sportcasts GameCast² is a unique sportscast platform that offers live HD and 4K quality game broadcasts from major to minor leagues in almost every sport. We have partnered with an autonomous sports casting solution provider to offer a broad selection of live broadcasts, even from leagues and sports that are not usually represented on live TV. 37 This service will be offered at a fraction of the cost compared to our competitors, and it will be processed in ROBET tokens. Tipster² - Knowledge Sharing Economy Tipster² provides users with the opportunity to follow profitable professionals and automatically follow their betting choices for a small fee paid in RoBET tokens. If you are a professional sports betting player, you can share your sports betting knowledge with the RoBET community in return for a small fee collected from your followers. As you become more successful, you will gain more followers, and thus make more passive income. Stats² - Advanced Statistics Stats² accumulates thousands of data points and real-time news feeds from multiple aggregators and is published to the RoBET platform. As a result, sports bettors are able to make informed bets and larger profits. AI² - Artificial Intelligence Powered Betting AI² provides users with an artificial intelligence bot powered by a real-time feed utilizing up-to-the-second information and advanced statistics, thus allowing players to place better bets and win more. 38 8.0 Regulation and Compliance Sports Betting Licenses in Multiple Jurisdictions RoBET is a global platform that strives to work in as many countries as possible. In order to achieve this, we will actively apply for sports betting licenses in multiple jurisdictions, beginning with the major ones, and ultimately expanding to the minor ones as well. For this to be possible, we will have to comply with multiple sets of regulations. This process will be time consuming and tedious, but will allow every player in the world to compete fairly against other players. KYC-AML RoBET aims to provide anonymity to all of its players, which is why we only require players to identify with an Ethereum public address. In some jurisdictions, however, governments require the identification of players using Know Your Customer and Anti Money Laundering Rules. We will comply with these rules wherever necessary. Contingency Reserve Fund As RoBET aspires to provide a trustworthy and safe community for all sports bettors, a small percentage of each commission taken by the platform will go into a contingency reserve fund. This fund will be used to settle disputes and compensate players for unjust actions to which live sports betting platforms are susceptible, ensuring that we are able to be fair to all of our customers and maintain a high level of customer service. 39 9.0 Team HR Philosophy Many companies today tend to overemploy, a trait that directly affects the quality of the team members and the operational costs. We believe that using a super-team approach, the company will have very few but highly technical employees that will build the platform’s core capabilities. All core team members will be compensated with significantly-higher-than-market salaries and a stake of ROBET tokens. Most of the other tasks will be outsourced to insure quality assurance, to increase productivity, and to save on operating costs. Economizing allows us to provide our customers with unbeatable low margins and prices. In order to insure the safety and the integrity of our system, we are undertaking strict human intelligence safety measures, so all core team members will remain anonymous to prevent humint treats. All other team members’ names and titles will be public ensuring the best communication between the platform and its community. 40 Team ● Pini Barel - Founder and CEO ● Mandy Wakefield - Content Creator ● Keren Wasserman - Graphic Designer ● Shon Boter - Community Manager ● Eko - Founder and CTO ● Head of Risk Management ● Head of Research - Game Theorist and Mathematician ● Head of Video and Broadcasting ● Lead Developer Backend and Blockchain expert ● Frontend and Mobile Developer Advisors ● Imri Sofer - Chairman of the Board - Business Strategy and Technology advisor ● Liron Klein - Risk and sports betting Advisor ● Zachi Zach - Sports betting Legal Advisor Partners ● Wynn Investment ● Moonshot Ventures ● LAToken ● Yobit.net ● Bancor ● Platinum ● Pearl Cohen ● Indacoin ● BetZone 41 10.0 Roadmap bet 365 bet365, betfair, bet fair, william hill,  williamhill, pinnacle pinacle, 5dimes, bookmaker, book maker, bet online, betonline, bovada, heritage, casino, intertops, you wager, youwager, just bet, just bet, sportsbetting, sports betting, wagers, wager, openers, opener,  gt bets, gt bets, best sportsbook, best odds, best betting, best free bet, most free bet, freebet, best bonuses, best bonus, best affiliate, affiliate program, sbobet, sbo bet, 188bet 188 bet, 888, 888sport, 888casino, betfred, bet fred, bodog canada, betvictor, bet victor, coral, paddypower, paddy power, sportsbet.com.eu, totesport tote sport, betonline, bet online, intertops, ladbrocks, lad brocks, sportsbet.co.za, sportsbetting au, sportingbet AU, sportingbet za, sporting bet. sportsbetting.ag, bodog88 bodog 88, boylesports, boyle sports. gtbets, gt bets, lowvig, low vig, matchbook, match book, skybet, sky bet, sports interaction, sportsinteraction, tab sportsbet, tab sports bet, thegreek, the greek, fun 88, fun 88, betclic, bet clic, carib, expeckt, interwitten, interwetten, tipico, 12 bet , 12bet, bet mania, betmania, bet phoenix, betpheonix, bwin, b win, dafabet, dafa bet, gamebookers, game bookers, mansion88, mansion 88, party bets, partybets, skybook, sky book, unibet, uni bet, 1bet, 1 bet, one bet, onebet, 360bol , 360bol, americas bookie, americasbookie, bet33, bet 33, heritage sports, heritage sports readbet, read bet, wager web, wagerweb, youwin.com, you win, youwin, 1vice, 1 vice, one vice, 10bet, 10 bet, ten bet, anonibet, anon bet, bet-at-home, betathome, bet at home, betdsi, bet dsi, betsson.  bet safe, betsafe, betusa, bet usa, titanbet, titan bet, bettorjan, bet trojan, sbg global, sbgglobal, youwager, bet pop, betpop, wager,dm, wager.dm, abc islands, abcislands, allstar, all star, betowi, bet owi, betus, bet us, carbonsports, carbon sports, dime dimeline sports, dimelinesports, ezbets, ez bets, ezstreetsports, ez street sports, hollywood, jazz bet, jazzbet, lines maker, lines maker, linesmaker, loose lines, looselines, playersonly, players only, sportsbettingonline, sports betting online, sportsbook.com, superbook, super book, topbet, top bet, vip sportts vipsports, vipsports,eu, 7redsports, 7 red sports, betdna, bet dna, betonusa, bet on usa, betway, bet way, oddsmaker, odds maker, canbet, can bet.ץ テンベットジャパンת ת スポーツベットアイオーת ת ウィリアムת  ピナクルת , 今すぐスポーツベットを始めよう！. ジャパカジから登録してお得な限定ボーナスをゲットしてね♪. スポーツ, toto . サッカー 実際のブックメーカー